Financial Inclusion
An estimated 1.4 billion adults remain unbanked globally, while digital public infrastructure and mobile money platforms are demonstrating that technology can close inclusion gaps at unprecedented speed. GDEF researches how digital identity systems, real-time payment infrastructure, and regulatory frameworks can work together to extend financial services to underserved populations — with empirical evidence from pioneering ecosystems in India, Brazil, Kenya, and the Philippines.
Insights on Financial Inclusion
3 publications exploring this topic.
Digital Public Infrastructure: The Economic Multiplier Effect Across Emerging Markets
Analysis of real-time payment systems (UPI, Pix, M-Pesa) reveals that digital public infrastructure acts as an economic multiplier far exceeding traditional infrastructure investment returns.
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Digital Identity Systems and Financial Inclusion
An estimated 850 million people lack official identification. This comparative analysis examines how digital ID systems in India, the EU, and Africa are transforming financial inclusion.
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Ageing Societies and Digital Inclusion Policy
The demographic digital divide costs OECD economies an estimated $1.5 trillion annually. This report analyses digital exclusion of older adults as a market failure requiring policy intervention.
Read analysisFinance & Economy
Analysing the structural transformation of global financial systems through central bank digital currencies, decentralised finance, and inclusive economic models — with emphasis on monetary policy implications and financial stability.
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